ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATING STRAINS, CAUSING INVASIVE LISTERIOSIS IN BULGARIA FOR TEN YEARS, 2010-2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58395/pipd.v48i2.40Keywords:
Listeria, serogroupes, hospital strainsAbstract
Listeriosis is a zoonosis with multiple mechanisms of infection and multiple organ symptoms, severe course and high lethality. An increasing incidence of listeriosis has been reported in several European countries in recent years. A limited range of Listeria strains is responsible for most blasts occurring in different countries. The aim of the study is to monitor the spread of the Listeria strains causing invasive listeriosis in Bulgaria for the period 2010-2019 and to analyze the etiological structure of the infection in different hospitals in the country. A total of 56 strains Listeria from 17 hospitals were investigated for confirmation of species and serogroup. The materials were isolated from haemocultures, fetuses water, cerebrospinal fluids and anal and throat secretions and two tests were used. Confirmed strains isolated from the clinical samples for the study period belonged to 4 serogroups of Listeria. Listeria monocytogenes serogroup I was detected in 28 (50%) of the samples, Listeria monocytogenes serogroup II – in 43%, Listeria innocua –in 5% and Listeria welshimeri – in 2% of the samples. The strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid predominated (52%) and those isolated from haemocultures were 36%. Nineteen of the isolated strains from cerebrospinal fluid belonged to serotype 4b (19/29). Listeria monocytogenes serogroup I was detected in 70% from haemoculture. Listeria innocua and Listeria welshimeri were detected from cerebrospinal fluid. Serotype 1/2a was found in six hospitals and serotype 4b - in five hospitals. The majority of isolated strains was from newborns -12/56 (21.43%). Serotype 1/2a was detected in 12 hospitals and serotype 4b in 11 hospitals. The largest variety of strains was found in Plovdiv, UMBAL “Sv. Georgi”. The data confirmed a steady trend in the spread of certain listeria serotypes in each hospital over the years. The focus in the future should be on screening at-risk groups, mainly women of childbearing and it is recommended to look for the risk of listeriosis.
Downloads
References
Allerbergera F., M.Wagnerb, Listeriosis: a resurgent foodborne infection, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2010;16 (1), 16-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03109.x
Andre P., Genicot A., First Isolation of Listeria welshimeri in a Human, Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A, 1987;263(4):605-606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-6724(87)80205-5
Dalzini, E., V. Bernini, B. Bertasi, P. Daminelli, M. N. Losio & G. Varisco, Survey of prevalence and seasonal variability of Listeria monocytogenes in raw cow milk from Northern Italy. Food Control, 2016, 60, 466-470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.019
Duranti A, Sabbatucci M, Blasi G, Acciari VA, et al, A severe outbreak of listeriosis in central Italy with a rare pulsotype associated with processed pork products., J Med Microbiol. 2018; 67(9):1351-1360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000785
ECDC-EFSA rapid outbreak assessment, Multi country outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to RTE meat products, 2019.
European Food Safety Authority/European centre for Disease Prevention and control (EFSA/EcDc). The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2009. EFSa Journal, 2011;9(3):2090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2090
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Introduction to the Annual Epidemiological Report. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2017 Stockholm: ECDC; 2017.
Falardeau J, Walji K, Haure M, Fong K, Taylor G, Ma Y, Smukler S, Siyun Wang S, Native Bacterial Communities and Listeria Monocytogenes Survival in Soils Collected From the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, Can J Microbiol, 2018;64(10):695-705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0115
FDA, 2011. Fish and fishery products hazards and controls guidance. U.S., Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug, Administration USA. Available from http://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/guidanceregulation/ucm 251970.pdf. Accessed, 2014.
Gandhi, M. & M. L. Chikindas, Listeria: A foodborne pathogen that knows how to survive. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007, 113, 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.07.008
Gelbíčová T, Zobaníková, Tomáštíková Z, Van Walle I, Ruppitsch W, Karpíšková R., An outbreak of listeriosis linked to turkey meat products in the Czech Republic, 2012-2016., Epidemiol Infect., 2018;146(11):1407-1412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268818001565
Ghosh P., Zhou Y., Richardson Q., Higgins DE., Characterization of the pathogenesis and immune response to Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from a sustained national outbreak, Sci Rep., 2019, 20;9(1):19587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56028-3
Gianfranceschi MV, Gattuso A, D’Ottavio Mc, Fokas S, Aureli P. Results of a 12-month long enhanced surveillance of listeriosis in Italy. Eurosurveillance, 2007;12:7-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2807/esm.12.11.00746-en
Goulet V, Hedberg c, Le Monnier A, de Valk H, Increasing incidence of listeriosis in France and other European countries. Emerg Infect Dis, 2008;14:734-740. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1405.071395
Houhoula DP, Peirasmaki D, Konteles SJ, Kizis D, Koussissis S, Bratacos M, Poggas N, Charvalos E, Tsakris A, Papaparaskevas J., High level of heterogeneity among Listeria monocytogenes isolates from clinical and food origin specimens in Greece, Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2012 ;9(9):848-852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2012.1187
Lebres, E. H. A. & F. Mouffok, Enquête de listériose en Algérie. Recueil de la journée: Institut Pasteur d'Algérie face aux problèmes sanitaires de l'été, 2000, pp. 11–22.
Lepe JA., Current aspects of listeriosis, Med Clin (Barc), 2020; 12;154(11):453-458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.02.002
Liu, D., M. L. Lawrence, M. Wiedmann, L. Gorski, R. E. Mandrell, A. J. Ainsworth & F. W. Austin, Listeria monocytogenes subgroups IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC delineate genetically distinct populations with varied virulence potential. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2006, 44, 4229–4233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01032-06
Martins, E. A. & P. M. Leal Germano, Listeria monocytogenes in ready toeat, sliced, cooked ham and salami products, marketed in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: occurrence, quantification, and serotyping. Food Control, 2011, 22, 297-302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.07.026
Muraoka, W., C. Gay, D. Knowles & M. Borucki,. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes subtypes in bulk milk of the Pacic Northwest. Journal of Food Protection, 2003, 66, 1413-1419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-66.8.1413
Nyarko EB, CW. Donnelly, Listeria monocytogenes: Strain Heterogeneity, Methods, and Challenges of Subtyping, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2010; 16 (1), 16-23.
Nyarko EB, Donnelly CW, Listeria Monocytogenes: Strain Heterogeneity, Methods, and Challenges of Subtyping, Food Sci, 2015;80(12): 2868-2878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13133
Roberts, A., K. Nightingale, G. Jeffers, E. Fortes, J. M. Kongo & M. Wiedmann, Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes lineage III., Microbiology, 2006, 152, 685–693. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28503-0
Seeliger; Schoofs. "Nonpathogenic Listeriae: L. innocua sp.n.". Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. 1. Abt. Originale. A, Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektions krankheiten und Parasitologie. 1981, 249 (4): 487–493.3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0174-3031(81)80108-4
Staneva, Sv., Konstantinov, R., Kircheva A, Ecological and epidemiological aspects of Listeriosis in Bulgaria, Varna Medical Forum, vol. 7, 2018, (2): 129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14748/vmf.v7i1.5067
Waak, E., W. Tham & M. L. Danielsson-Tham,. Prevalence and fingerprinting of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from raw whole milk in farm bulk tanks and in dairy plant receiving tanks. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002, 68, 3366-3370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.7.3366-3370.2002
