GENETIC SURVEY OF INVASIVE S. PNEUMONIAE SEROTYPES IN BULGARIA FOR A 5-YEAR PERIOD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58395/pipd.v46i2.17Keywords:
serotyping, invasive S. pneumoniae, PCRAbstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonises the mucosal lining of the upper respiratory tract and is an important cause of invasive infections affecting young children, adults over 65 years of age, the immunocompromised and individuals with chronic diseases. Recent studies have shown variations in virulence based on the high rate of pneumococcal recombination. PCR-based molecular methods are highly sensitive, specific and are becoming the preferred tool for quick and accurate diagnosis of bacterial meningitis which is required to be defined within 2-3 hours.
During the 5-year survey period (2013-2017), 202 materials received as cerebrospinal fluid samples and pneumococcal strains isolated from patients diagnosed with meningitis, were examined by Real-time PCR in the reference laboratory at NCIPD. Serotyping of S. pneumoniae-positive materials was performed with conventional multiplex PCR and Real-time PCR with primers for 41serotypes/serogroups.
There is a high incidence of S. pneumoniae serotypes not covered by the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) currently used in Bulgaria. It was found that all cases of meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae vaccine serotypes occurred in patients that were not vaccinated.
Downloads
References
Abdullahi O, et al. The prevalence and risk factors for pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx among children in Kilifi District, Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7: e30787. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030787
Yahiaoui RY, et al. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of commensal Streptococcus pneumoniae in nine European countries. Future Microbiol. 2016; 11:737–744. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2015-0011
Bogaert D, De Groot R, Hermans PW. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2004; 4:144–154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(04)00938-7
World Health Organization. Immunization, vaccines and biologicals. Pneumococcal vaccines. Available at: http://archives.who.int/vaccines/en/pneumococcus.shtml External Links icon. Accessed October 20, 2014.
World Health Organization. 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2008; 83(42):373-384.
Kalchev Y, Kirina V, Mircheva M, Tsolova M, Setchanova L, Levterova V, Simeonovski I, Stoycheva M, Kantardjiev T, Murdjeva M. Etiology and epidemiology of non-viral meningitis in the Plovdiv region. General Medicine.2018; 20(2): 9-15.
Hsiao HJ, Wu CT, Huang JL, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of invasive pneumococcal disease in a pediatric intensive care unit. BMC Pediatr. 2015; 15:85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0387-7
Weinberger DM, Trzcinski K, Lu YJ, Bogaert D, Brandes A, Galagan J, et al. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide structure predicts serotype prevalence. PLoS pathogens. 2009; 5(6):e1000476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000476
Blumental S, Granger-Farbos A, Moïsi JC, et al. Virulence Factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Comparison between African and French Invasive Isolates and Implication for Future Vaccines. PLoS One. 2015; 10(7):e0133885. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133885
Browall S, Norman M, Tångrot J, et al. Intraclonal Variations among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates influence the likelihood of invasive disease in children. J Infect Dis. 2014; 209:377–388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit481
Calix JJ, Nahm MH. A New Pneumococcal Serotype, 11E, Has a Variably Inactivated wcjE Gene. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202(1):29-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/653123
Calix JJ, Porambo RJ, Brady AM, Larson TR, Yother J, Abeygunwardana C, Nahm MH. Biochemical, Genetic, and Serological Characterization of Two Capsule Subtypes among Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 20 Strains: Discovery Of A New Pneumococcal Serotype. J Biol Chem. 2012; 287(33):27885-27894. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.380451
Kay EJ, Yates LE, Terra VS, Cuccui J, Wren BW. Recombinant expression of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli. Open Biol. 2016; 6(4):150243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.150243
Ko KS, Baek JY, Song JH. Capsular Gene Sequences and Genotypes of “Serotype 6E” Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51(10):3395-3399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01645-13
Park IH, Pritchard DG, Cartee R, Brandao A, Brandileone MCC, Nahm MH. Discovery of a new capsular serotype (6C) within serogroup 6 of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 2007; 45(4):1225-1233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02199-06
Streptococcus Laboratory , June 15, 2018, Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/streplab/pneumococcus/resources.html
Oliver MB, van der Linden MPG, Kuntzel SA, Saad JS, Nahm MH. Discovery of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6 variants with glycosyltransferases synthesizing two differing repeating units. J Biol Chem. 2015; 290(44):26474-26475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.A113.480152
Brueggemann AB, Peto TEA, Crook DW, Butler JC, Kristinsson KG, et al. Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroup specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. J Infect Dis. 2004; 190:1203–1211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/423820
Harboe ZB, Thomsen RW, Riis A, Valentiner-Branth P, Christensen JJ, et al. Pneumococcal serotypes and mortality following invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based cohort study. PloS Medicine. 2009; 6:1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000081
Jansen AGSC, Rodenurg GR, van der Ende A, van Alphen L, Veenhoven RH, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease among adults: association among serotypes, disease characteristics and outcome. Clin Infect Dis. 2009; 49: e23–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/600045
